The Necessity of Personal Responsibility Essay - 1188 Words

Personal responsibility may be perceived in many ways, but it is imperative to understand the relevance of why it must begin with our self. First, one will never develop an attitude of responsibility if they always look for others to complete their task. It is a necessity that one has personal discipline or their efforts to be responsible will prove to be fruitless. Second, being responsible yields great rewards and acting responsible is a clear sign of maturity. A responsible individual looks to no one but self and no matter what the outcome; they are willing to stand by their decisions. (Maltby 2009), â€Å"Personal responsibility is concerned with people taking individual accountability for their decisions and actions, together with†¦show more content†¦Personal responsibility may yield many rewards. For example, Mary’s entry level position at Trump Towers was administrative assistant. During a period of one year, Mary validated her worth by working overt ime and always volunteering to help with other projects. As Mary continued to flourish in completing her assignments, she was elevated from administrative assistant to executive director of the accounting department. There are many levels of maturity, but maturity is a process that students develop over a period of time. Consequently, the student that matures quickly is likely to initiate an educational plan that will increase their academic success. One preliminary plan that a student can design to achieve academic success is goal setting. Goal setting allows the student to define their academic goals and to devise a plan that will accommodate their collegiate career. â€Å"One way to make goals effective is to examine them up close.† (Ellis, p. 70,2011) Prior to this point we established several factors to confirm the necessity of personal responsibility, but here we will interject effective strategies that a student must use to generate success in their chosen field of study. Research and observation reveals that the most successful students are accountable, but also have a strong determination to apply practical concepts to achieve their academic goals. The successful student operates in congruence between faculty andShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : My Supervisory Meetings1178 Words   |  5 Pagesconfirmed that I am affective in my role as a crisis worker. Several of the clients have complemented and thanked me for my support and during their time of need. It is funny I my personal view of my abilities is much different than what my supervisor observes. Because of her complement and support I am gaining personal confidence. Behaviorally, I am learning to exhale and relax and learn, while I am at my practicum. This experience has solidified the need to stay current in my learning processRead MoreEssay The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1509 Words   |  7 Pageswith love, tragedy and personal responsibility, giving details of what one carries, survives and ponders during events that take place out of our control. The Thing Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien depicts human beings just like us that don’t get a choice of what happens around us but how to survive with the things we hold dear that help us make it through. It also shares with us the fear, risk and aftermath of the death of one of their men and the personal responsibility the narrator feels asRead MoreThe Economic State Of Affairs976 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic integration, and removal of barriers to business and trade and raised competition have increased the necessity of transportation. it s one in all the foremost vital infrastructure necessities, that is important for the enlargement of opportunities and plays a vital role in creating or breaking the competitive positioning. within the industrial lifetime of any country, the necessity for carrying Good from one place to a different can not be overemphasized. Also, Good ar to be stirred fromRead MoreA Lesson in Responsibility: â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien1033 Words   |  5 Pagespeople might think of those things as burdens while others see them as a way out of reality or as something to push them forward, something to believe in. In â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien, O’Brien portrays a captivating message of responsibility to his readers. Its moral explains how we sometimes let ourselves â€Å"out† of our problems, because we would like to be somewhere pleasant. The excerpt retrospect’s the war in Vietnam and illustrates the mentality and life of the foot soldiers thatRead MoreHow Can A College Student Not Be Stressed?1250 Words   |  5 Pagesgoing to school and working have a high chance of being unsuccessful due to stress, lack of sleep, and financial issues. The responsibilities of taking college courses is a big weight on its own, but taking on a job, doing homework, and balancing personal life on top of that can really push a student to their limits. 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Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) is a theory practiced in the business sphere since fifty years. It refers to the duty of business organizations to adopt certain activities that will benefit the society in some way. Charity, health-awareness campaigns are few examples that a business undertakes to fulfil its objectives of C.S.R. According to this ideal, it is important for various corporations today to undertake such social activitiesRead MoreEthical And Legal Importance Of Social Responsibility1612 Words   |  7 Pages(1575)An Analysis of the Ethical and Legal Importance of Social Responsibility in Corporate Culture This business study will analyze the ethical and legal importance of social responsibility in corporate culture. Friedman (1970) defines the dangers of ‘social responsibility† as a threat to the individualism and profit motives of corporate executives that must serve the corporation before the larger society. More so, Friedman argues that the corporation is an â€Å"artificial person† that relies onRead MoreResponsabilites that are Required from an Individual Essay528 Words   |  3 Pagesparticular responsibilities such as promoting the welfare of the individual or protecting citizens from jeopardy toward the citizens who live in there. However, these responsibilities are not unilateral. In other words, as a member of community, although the citizens have a certain privileges, there are also liability that are required from citizens toward the state. There are three main responsibilities that are required from each individual to be a good citizen: Civic respon sibilities, culturalRead MorePoverty : A Very Frightening Scenario That Has Played Out Time Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"poverty is an outcome not only of economic processes, but it is also an outcome of interacting economic, social, and political forces†. Equal opportunities for all citizen in Nigeria, regardless of gender, is an absolute necessity in order to provide peace, harmony and personal happiness and appreciation to offer the gift of life. These opportunities can only be achieved with honest, fair-minded leaders who are concerned with the daily lives of its citizens. These leaders must be willing to engage

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Analysis Of Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte DArthur - 1246 Words

A knights role in society during the middle ages is to be a sacrificial pawn to the king. During the medieval times, the knight class is under the king and lords classes; however, they were also within the nobility rank. In exchange for land and food, they are obligated to assist and support their lord and king. They must be physically and mentally prepared to forfeit their lives when they fight for and protect their lord no matter the occasion. According to the code of chivalry, they must serve their king and remain loyal always. In addition, a chevalier cannot act on their own accord if the consequences include betrayal of the king, thus they must remain selfless. All the chevaliers have their flaws; however, the other three knights†¦show more content†¦Despite the fact that Sir Gawain and Sir Launcelot had a poor relationship, he has asked for Sir Launcelots assistance because he understands that Sir Launcelot is the flower of the knighthood, and an essential key to prote cting his king since he is unable to complete the task himself (Malory 221). In spite of Sir Gawain exerted the efforts of writing to Sir Launcelot, Sir Launcelot never appeared on the battlefield. Although Sir Bedivere has been with King Arthur during the fight with Sir Modred, does not necessarily mean he is more chivalrous and loyal than Sir Launcelot. As instructed by King Arthur, Sir Bedivere were to take the sword Excalibur to the shore of the lake and throw in the water (Malory 340-1). In response to his wish, Sir Bedivere decided to deceive the king and claim that he has seen nothing when he threw the sword into the water. Lies reached the king ears twice such as seeing only the wind upon the waves and the lapping of the waves (Malory 348-354). Automatically, King Arthur knew Sir Bedivere has been dishonest with him and states, twice you have betrayed me (Malory 355). Sir Bedivere allowed his greed to lead him astray from the code of chivalry. Corresponding with the code of chivalry, he must live to serve the king, live to defend the crown and country and all it holds dear and obey the law of the king. He has broken all these laws by becoming a priest like theShow MoreRelated King Arthur Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis The character of King Arthur is unique in literature. Most characters are known through their actions and words as described by the author of a story. Arthur, however, is a conglomerate of characters described by many different authors over a fifteen hundred year span. There is no single depiction of him, and one cannot trace his origin to a single author for the definitive description. As such, the character of Arthur is different depending on the era, cultureRead More Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail2221 Words   |  9 PagesThomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail Professor’s comment: This student uses a feminist approach to shift our value judgment of two works in a surprisingly thought-provoking way. After showing how female seduction in Malory’s story of King Arthur is crucial to the story as a whole, the student follows with an equally serious analysis of Monty Python’s parody of the female seduction motif in what may be the most memorable and hilarious episode of the film. MuchRead More King Arthur Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis Although King Arthur is one of the most well-known figures in the world, his true identity remains a mystery. Attempts to identify the historical Arthur have been unsuccessful, since he is largely a product of fiction. Most historians, though, agree that the real Arthur was probably a battle leader of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons in the sixthth century. In literature, King Arthurs character is unique and ever changing, taking on a different face in

Comparison Between Macbeth and Banquos Response to the...

Macbeth and Banquo’s reaction to the prophecy told to them by the witch’s gave way for two opposing opinions on both the validity and manifesting of the prophecy. Although their opinions throughout the unveiling of the prophecy were opposing throughout, at all times they both rendered the prophecy in contrastive ways, whether they contemplated on its benefit or hindrance towards their gleaming future. â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† Great fear was shown on Macbeth’s face suggesting he was very hesitant toward the idea of him becoming King. However Banquo was much more optimistic about the words of the witch’s, questioning Macbeth, â€Å"why do you start and seem to fear things that do sound so fair?† Macbeth is still in†¦show more content†¦It is now seen that the tides have shifted, and Macbeth is now very much engulfed in the prophecy, as Macbeth discovers that a portion of the prophecy has been fulfilled with the title ‘Thane of Cawdor’ being placed unto him. As Macbeth continues to be animated about the possibility of the entire prophecy being fulfilled, Banquo becomes hesitant towards the prophecy. It is this speech by Banquo that defines his reasons for being so cautious in his reaction to the prophecy. â€Å"oftentimes to win us to our harm the instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betray’s in deepest consequence.† This speech portrays Banquo’s new found reluctance towards the witch’s forecast of the future. He now sees what Macbeth is blind too, the possibility of knowledge becoming more harmful to the men rather than helpful in Macbeth’s want for more, particularly pertaining to him becoming King. As Macbeth begins to weigh the prophecy against logic and the now present, he accepts the fact that if â€Å"two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme.† Macbeth is now beginning to assume that if portions of the prophecy are being fulfilled as the witch’s had said, it is only a matter of time before he shall become king. As Macbeth continues to be engulfed by what will be his future downfall, he assumes that all of his new foundShow MoreRelatedAudiences Sympathy f or Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play3064 Words   |  13 PagesAudiences Sympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play Macbeth was written during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the First, a period in history when people’s beliefs in their world were changing. People believed strongly in the Divine Right of Kings and that Regicide was an act against God’s will, making it an unforgivable sin. The worship of God was also incredibly important and people would be fined for not attending church on a Sunday and the priest would be the

Discusses the management of risk in the care of older adults in hospitals Free Essays

Introduction This essay critically discusses the management of risk in the care of older adults in hospitals, in the prevention of falls.The rationale for selecting this topic is based on several factors. According to Nazarko (2008), elderly people are admitted to hospital for a variety of health conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Discusses the management of risk in the care of older adults in hospitals or any similar topic only for you Order Now The family of the patient trust that they are being cared for in a safe environment. However, every environment carries a physical risk to the people within it and this essay will focus on the fact that older people admitted to hospital are more susceptible to experiencing falls (Nazarko, 2008). Moreover, the National Patient Safety agency (NPSA) (2007) state that there are more than two hundred thousand falls that occur in NHS hospitals in England and Wales. NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (2011) state that one of the biggest admission for hospital in elderly people are falls. Out of that figure, 99% of them are unhurt, minor or moderate injuries, however 1% of those falls cause severe injury, death or fracture bones. Falls are a major problem in hospitals as well as outside of hospital in the UK. Various studies have shown that 30-50% of the population are over 65years old. Most of those falls are happening in the nursing home setting and 10-20 % cause severe injuries (Kennedy 2010, Pountney 2009a and Weaver 2008). Adding to this rationale, Pereault and Bourbonnaise (2005) state that the nurse’s role is to take care of patients from the first time s/he enters the door of the healthcare environment, through assessments, appointments, surgery or any other treatment, as well as discharge of patients from hospitals. Therefore a focus on falls prevention is essential. For this reason author has chosen to focus on this topic. It defines risk and then identifies and explains the nurse’s role in risk assessment and management of elderly people in the hospital and nursing home settings. The essay will highlight why people experience falls, the different the contributing factors that can affect their balance whilst in a professional care setting. The risks are and how risk management can be used to prevent older people who are in hospital falling as a result of residing within this environment are critically discussed. To do so key measures in place that aim to minimise risk and maximise patient safety in the clinical environment are therefore evaluated. One of the methods this essay will examine is the five HSE steps of how to manage risk in the working environment in practice. There will be an in depth analysis of two different case studies of the STRATIFY risk assessment tool, to show the weaknesses and strengths of this tool. The essay will explore the difference education and training can have on the quality of care. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE 2006) state that every day in our life we come across risks. It may be in or outside our homes, as well as in the working environment. Kennedy (2008) states that risk can be described as an episode where something valuable or someone can be affected or damaged and where there is uncertainty of the outcome. Leyshon (2005) have stated that before any action to manage it, risk must be identified in the first place. To improve the health and safety environment in the work place assessing, measuring and controlling risk is therefore essential. The Department of Health (2006) state that ten percent of patients admitted to hospital will be negatively impacted as a result of an avoidable error separate to the original reason that they were admitted. They also state that risks could be reduced by as much as 50%if lessons from previous risk incidents were recorded and analysed. This would therefore serve to reduce the possibility of the same mistake recurring. Tingle (2006) provides further support to this by adding that if lessons were learned from previous incidents it would also help to save costs to the NHS. According to Mitchell (2009), falls can cost the NHS upwards of 1.7 billion pounds a year. Therefore, nurses can have a significant impact on this by promoting patient safety in the NHS to improve care for patients and protect them from any harm, whilst saving money. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) code of conduct the nurse is responsible for taking care and treating patients with dignity and respect whilst reducing the risk of further harm. Leyshon (2005) suggested that the areas to be focused on in an effort to reduce risks and to protect patients from harm are to assess the work environment and appropriately manage the known risks, as well as being aware of, and minimising, other probable risks. The goal to minimise risk in the healthcare setting means that nurses and other healthcare professionals should critically evaluate past events that have had a negative effect on practice and there should be focus on vulnerabilities and how risks can be managed. Mills and Bowker (2007) further state that there are many ways to assess risk in the health care environment. However, they highlight a simple understanding of the risk assessment tools can help staff develop better understanding of the advantages of successful risk assessment. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2006) identify five easy steps to assess risk in any work place environment which has also been successfully put into practice. The first step is to identify the risk, recognize strengths and weakness to reduce risk and reach the aim using a method, such as a risk check list. Nazarko (2005) also agrees that risk needs to be identified in the first place and then we can take care of those who are at risk to minimize risk. The HSE (2003) states that, the second step is to assess who may be harmed and how using appropriate risk management tools, such as a scoring system, which are individual for different risk assessments. The third step is to evaluate the risk. According t o Young and Woodock (2011) an important question is whether the hazard can be eliminated altogether by removing it. If this is not possible it must be controlled so as to reduce the chance of harm. According to Waterhouse (2007) the fourth step of HSE risk management is the recording method. The most important part of this method is identified as keeping a record of the patient’s risk assessment. This way, safety is improved and it is shared amongst colleagues as essential practice to protect patients from harm. This also applies to the NMC code of conduct (2008) as good practice, such that information must be shared with colleagues to maintain the safety of those for whom nurses are taking care. The last step of risk assessment is the review which must occur on a daily and ongoing basis to protect patients from hazards. This is constantly monitored to determine progress and changes to their condition. There may be some improvement or adversely, there may be some changes with patient’s health and risk assessments. Therefore it is vital that they must always be accurately recorded and kept up to date. Fullbrook (2007) agreed with these studies, adding that from the nurse’s point of view, assessment is the most important part of risk management. Nurses assess all of the issues that can have an impact on clinical practice and the nurse will often be the first to identify potential difficulties in their working environment, as they are there on a daily basis. According to Hughes and Marshall (2009) risk can be separated into three categories: long-term, medium term and short term. Dependant on the risk classification, the implementation of measures to mitigate the risk vary, according to the size and complexity of the task. These issues in risk are particularly relevant to management of falls in healthcare environments. A study by Pountney (2009b) shows that falls mostly occur in either the morning or evening time due to medication such as night sedation, make them unsteady, visiting the toilet – incontinence first thing in the morning as well as inappropriate shoes making elderly people’s mobility unsteady. Therefore as a result of this, nurses and other healthcare staff must spend more time with those patients, at these times, to protect them from harm. Nazarko (2007) stated that people in hospital who are inpatients are individuals and all of them have a different reason for being in care. As they are unwell and are often extremely weak they may be at risk of falls. There are many factors that can affect body balance and cause falls, such as age, disease or medication. Some of them may have some obstacles to stop them being fully mobilized like catheter in-situ, drip stand, and as a result of their injuries they may be confused which makes it even harder for them to be mobile with those obstacles. Therefore it is important for nurses and other staff to have better contact with those patients to provide the best possible care of patients be observed to reduce and minimize the risk of falls. Swann (2010) also added that unsafe clinical areas like broken and wet floor can cause falls. Barker et al (2010) stated there are many assessment tools in the hospital setting to help prevent falls and there are key measures to successful prevention, recommended by many clinical practice guidelines. However those tools are not effective if they are not used appropriately and if healthcare professionals do not evaluate them. Therefore it is the nurse’s responsibility for updating these tools, as assessment is on-going process and patient’s conditions may change. Oliver et al (2008) advise that 10 years ago there was a practice risk a assessment tool for rehabilitation published and delivered in the UK for elderly as well as for acute wards known as the St Thomas’ Risk Assessment Tool (STRATIFY). This fall risk assessment tool is to identify high or low risk of falls and have been designed in five simple scoring systems from 0- 5 to predict who may be at risk of falls. According to Kennedy (2010) nurses should have special training to use the STRATIFY risk assessment tool which will raise awareness when used in practise to prevent patients from falls to protect them from further harm or injury. Milisen et al (2007) described in their purposive multicenter study where they evaluated the effectiveness of the STRATIFY fall assessment risk tool. The study was carried out in six Belgian hospitals, the sample size was 2,568 participants mixed female and male and the average age was 67.2 ranging between plus and minus 18.4. The study was carried out in a four surgical, eight elderly and four medical units. The findings of this study show the effectiveness of the STRATIFY tool in the admission of patients in medical and surgical settings for patients younger than 74 show that assessment predict risk of falls well for this age group category. However it was not as successful when measured against an older population, above of 75-85 age range that are admitted in the elderly ward. For older patients with prolonged residential hospital care, it is unclear whether repeated use of the STRATIFY tool would enhance its clinical effectiveness. Furthermore, the study identified that the ris k of falling, as measured on admission is not static and as a result the risk of falling during their subsequent hospital stay must be calculated and updated on a weekly basis. Smith et al (2006) did a similar study on the STRATIFY assessment tool for patients recovering from strokes. Six stroke units in North of England with 359 participants were selected where they used this assessment. Every member of staff was trained to use the tool. They average stay was 28 days and the age range was between 34 and 100 years. Within this group, STRATIFY underperformed as a predictor of falls occurring in the 28 days following the initial assessment. Using the currently recommended score threshold (2 or more as high risk), STRATIFY was found to be inaccurate with a sensitivity rating of just 11.3%. The optimum STRATIFY threshold for our stroke patients was a score of one or more, but even optimising the risk indicator resulted in a sensitivity of just 60% and this was achieved at the expense of specificity. This study also highlights that some of the questions were not appropriate for all stroke patients as they were not applicable such as mobility questions as wel l as the amount of falls since they have been admitted to hospital. Nazarko (2008) stated that there are further methods to manage risk management in falls and one of them is to assess the location of the nurse’s station which can play a crucial role in risk management especially amongst the elderly population. If patients are located in single rooms and out of sight from nurses and other healthcare staff, there is a greater risk in falls as staff are unable to identify those at risks and react as speedily to patients who are in need of assistance. For this reason, most of the patients hospitalized in wards who may be at risk of falls are moved closest to the nursing station, to assist nurses’ visibility and reduce the impact of falls. However, it is not possible to implement this practice in nursing homes with single rooms or any other wards where patients are located in single rooms. Downing (2011) states that there are more interventions that serve to improve patient care, particularly amongst the elderly, such as the electronic alarm device which is located on the patient’s bed or chair. Every time the patient attempts to get up it will sound so that healthcare assistants can assist the patient before any fall can occur. These devices can help with high-risk patients who are confused or have got dementia. Pountney (2009a) also recommends the alarms which can be used for patients whosuffer from dementia or are confused and also add that light sensors can improve people from falls. According to Nazarko (2006), bad vision could be a major impact on patient’s falls, as up to 74% admitted patient from falls had a poor vision. Therefore falls cannot be removed but management may improve quality of life for those patients to use those light sensors, especially if patient is located in single rooms out of sings of nurses. Another option, Vitamin D supplements, are identified as having a role to play in mitigating the impact of falls, as Vitamin D make bones stronger and as a lack of Vitamin D can have a affect on weakness of muscle and bones. The NHS National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2004) however, do not recommend Vitamin D asthey feel there is inconclusive evidence advocating its use. According to Help the Aged (2004) risk assessments and monitoring will not guarantee to stop people from falling, however nurses will be able identify through assessment of potential risk to minimise this and improve patient safety with appropriate action taken. Pountney (2009a) further emphasises that the requirements of risk management must be weighed against the need to empower patients to remain independent and must not overpower the quality aspects of their everyday routine. The aim is to minimize patients from injury but also to encourage their mobility for better quality of life. Therefore managers have got a responsibility for managing risk against effective policy, ensuring staff are fully trained, as well as fostering a good environment to minimize risk of falls to support patients’ well being, as well as quality of life Pountney (2009b) Nazarko (2009) states some patients with conditions generally affecting the elderly such as MS and Parkinsons disease may have many falls but if the opportunity to walk is removed to prevent falls, it is regarded as more harmful as the patient will have reduced confidence and independency. Nazarko (2009) agrees withSwan (2007) that most of the falls that occur in hospitals are not major injuries, however any falls can have a major impact on each patient as they may lose their confidence as well as dignity. The patient’s quality of life may change dramatically as they may not be able to undertake daily activities. A loss of confidence and the inability to undertake daily routine can make the patient weaker as well as make the patient feel more isolated (Nazarko 2009). Pountney (2009) state that a lack of training of staff on falls can have a negative impact on patients which will cause inappropriate practice, but also further state that this can cause the unwanted implication to staff, where nurses will have to deal with complaints and increased workload, which leads to increased anxiety. According to Mitchell (2007), one of the major management tools to prevent falls is through the education of staff, as well as patients. Therefore nurses and other healthcare professionals who have contact with patients must have easy access to the tools, whether e-learning or manual. Whichever one is more suitable for the individual and encompasses as minimum basic skills to maintain acceptable practice. To provide best practice in falls prevention, audits must also be carried out on a regular basis. The author used examples to explain why they chose risk management in falls as a topic.This essay explained what risk is and how risk must be identify before any action is taken. The evidence has also found that if we learned from previous mistakes risk could be reduced as improving patient safety which ultimately reduces costs. The five easy steps of HSE risk assessment were highlighted as best practice throughout the healthcare setting. This statistics provided from England and Wales as well as statistics from Scotland, demonstrated the widespread issue that falls are a major problem for the elderly population outside as well as inside of the hospital settings. Moreover various study show that most falls happening in nursing homes. The essay also focused in-depth at two studies analysing the effectiveness and appropriateness of the STRATIFY risk assessment tool. Both studies were using the STRATIFY assessment risk tool in different healthcare settings. Furthermore studies show that STRATIFY assessment risk is successful for the younger population but not as successful with older population over 75 and also that it did not appear to be helpful with stroke patients as some questions were inappropriate. There was a focus on how falls could be prevented as there are so many different reasons for patients having a fall. For some of them it could be due to their illness, medication, nursing station location, whether it is morning or night. This essay illustrates the critical role nurse’s play in providing the best possible care and support to patients. Nurses should be specially trained and educated to provide the best care to minimise patients from falls and maximize patients protection. References: Barker, A., Kamar, J. Graco, M. 2011, â€Å"Adding value to the STRATIFY falls risk assessment in acute hospitals†, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 450-7. Department of Health. 2006, â€Å"Safety First: a report for patients, clinicians and healthcare managers† [online]. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_064159.pdf [Accessed 22nd March 2011]. Downing, W. 2011, â€Å"Preventing falls: how to monitor risk and intervene†, Nursing Residential Care, vol.13, no.2, pp. 82 – 84. Fullbrook , S. 2007, â€Å"The duty of care 2: risk assessment and risk management†, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.112 – 113. Health and Safety Executive. 2006, â€Å"Five steps to risk assessment† [online]. Available from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg163.pdf [Accessed 2nd March 2011]. Help the Aged. 2004, â€Å"Preventing Falls; Managing the risk and effect of falls among older people in care homes† [online]. Available from: http://www.housingcare.org/downloads/kbase/2312.pdf [Accessed 2nd March 2011]. Hughes, R. Marshall, R. 2009, â€Å"An introduction to risk management in residential care† Nursing Residential Care, vol.11, no. 7, pp. 356 – 358. Kennedy, K. 2010, â€Å"A critical analysis of the NSF for Older People standard 6: falls†, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 505 – 510. Kennedy, S. 2008, â€Å" The health professional’s role in helping patients understand the concept of cardiovascular risk†, British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 522 – 526. Leyshon, S. 2005, â€Å"Principles of risk management in community nursing†, British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 330-333. Milisen, K., Staelens, N., Schwendimann, R., De Paepe, L., Verhaeghe, J., Braes, T., Boonen, S., Pelemans, W., Kressig, R.W. Dejaeger, E. 2007, †Fall prediction in inpatients by bedside nurses using the St. Thomas’s Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) Instrument: a multicenter study†, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 725-33. Mills, H. Bowker, E. 2007, â€Å"Conducting a risk assessment in neuroscience practice: principles and procedure†, British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 223 – 226. Mitchell, E. 2009, â€Å"The impact of falls on residents and staff: managing riskâ€Å", Nursing Residential Care, vol.11, no.5, pp. 258 – 260. National Patient Safety agency (NPSA). (2007), â€Å"Slips, trips and falls in hospitals† [online]. Available from: http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/?entryid45=59821 [Accessed 24th March 2011]. Nazarko, L. 2005, â€Å"Reducing the risk of falls among older people†, Nursing Residential Care, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 67 – 70. Nazarko, L. 2006, â€Å" Falls prevention in practice: guidance and case study†, British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 527 – 529. Nazarko, L. 2007, â€Å"Reducing the risk of falls in the care home†, Nursing Residential Care, vol.9, no.11, pp. 524 – 526. Nazarko, L. 2008, â€Å"Falls part 3: environmental risk factors†, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants , vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 487 – 490 . Nazarko, L. 2009, â€Å"Falls part 6: risk management†, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 87 – 90. NHS Great Glasgow and Clyde, 2011, A Home Checklist Which Can Save Lives. [online]. Available from: http://www.nhsggc.org.uk/CONTENT/default.asp?page=s1192_3newsid=11231back=s8_1 [Accessed 4th March 2011]. NHS National Institute for Clinical Excellence . 2004, â€Å"Falls: the assessment and prevention of falls in older people† (Clinical Guidelines 21). [internet]. London, NICE (Published 2004). Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG021publicinfoenglish.pdf [Accessed 24th March 2011]. Nursing Midwifery Council, 2008. [online]. Available from: http://www.nmc-uk.org/About-us/Policy-and-public-affairs/Politics-and-parliament/Policy-areas/ [Accessed 2nd March 2011]. Oliver, D., Papaioannou, A., Giangregorio, L., Thabane, L., Reizgys, K., Foster. G., Age Ageing, 2008, â€Å"A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using the STRATIFY tool for prediction of falls in hospital patients: how well does it work?†, Age and ageing (published electroncly) vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 621-627. Perreault, A. Bourbonnaise, F. F. 2005, â€Å"The experience of suffering as lived by women with breast cancer†, International Journal of Palliative Nursing, vol. 11, no.10, pp. 510-519. Pountney, D. 2009a, â€Å"Identifying and managing the risks of falls in the nursing home† Nursing Residential Care, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 618 – 620. Pountney, D. 2009b, â€Å"Preventing and managing falls in residential care settings†, Nursing Residential Care, vol.11, no.8, pp. 410 – 414 . Swann, J. 2007, â€Å" Reducing the risk of falls: Part one†, Nursing Residential Care, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 120 – 122. Tingle, J. 2006, â€Å"Improving patient safety in the NHS†, British Journal of Nursing , vol.15, no. 4, pp. 86. Waterhouse, C. 2007, â€Å"Development of a tool for risk assessment to facilitate safety and appropriate restraint†, British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, vol. 3, no. 9, pp 421 – 426. Weaver, D. 2008, â€Å"Effective strategies in managing falls prevention†, Nursing Residential Care, vol.10, no.5, pp. 217 – 222. Young, A. Woodcock, R. 2011, â€Å"Violence risk assessment in mental health practice: part 1†, British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, vol.5, no. 1, pp. 31 – 34. How to cite Discusses the management of risk in the care of older adults in hospitals, Essay examples

Core Elements of Business Process Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Diacuss about the Core Elements of Business Process Management. Answer: Introduction The Aberdeen western peripherals route was mainly billed as a major project, which involved the travel in northeast Scotland. This project was aimed at improving the travelling but it turned out be a major headache, which significantly altered the financial condition. The firm, which is taken into consideration in the report, was one of the firms who was part of the consortium with the partners Balfour Beaty and Galliford Try- that was awarded the contract to build the road in the year 2014 in the month of December. The main aim of the report is to put focus on the project, the point out what went wrong in the project, and why did the project go wrong. The failure points are mainly discussed taking into account the concept of the project management and its ideas. The main area of the discussion would be on the projects organisational structure and the nature of the project. The project was implemented with the main motive to improve the travel in northeast Scotland. The project eventually became a headache, which significantly hampered the financial condition. At the time of the initiation of the project, the decision to start the project was welcomed by both the Scottish government and the council, which is local to the area. There had been a long wait for the 36 miles (58 km) route and the project on the other hand was expected to provide thousands of job to the people who are local. The job was intended to be provided to those people who suffered as great loss due to slowing down of the oil industry. After a certain period, the project became off the track taking into account the progress, which was expected from the project. This project was considered very much simple but it was relatively dogged by delay, which eventually pushed up the cost, and the left the firm with a serious problem related to the cash flow. Problem faced in the Project (What Went Wrong) The main problem, which was faced by the project, was the problem, which is related to the procurement. The main question, which arise in this factor, is that how can the contactor get the pricing and the timescale of such a major project wrong. As stated by Richard Steer who is the chairman of Gleeds, the contactor are basically the risk takers and this is where they can actually make the profit count. The basic thing, which every clients wants, is to minimize the exposure to the factors of the risk. The companies are forced to bid for 5 or 10 years at a fixed cost particularly when the client is related to the public sector body. The basic thing, which happen, is that the contactors have been pitching for the job and they put a basic price in relating to the project. After the initial process the contactors would talk with the sub contactors and then the sub contactors would come back with a much higher price that are more expensive than the estimated price. An important part of the project management is the cost associated with it. It covers the scope of the project, budgeting and the estimation. Moreover, the cost control mainly ensures that the project stays within the borders of the financial aspect, which are broadly defined, in the budgeting process. Although the concept of the budgeting, estimation and the control of the cost are defined as three unaffiliated processes in the basic theory. They are very much strongly interacting and related. Significant for the concept of then project management is its basic concentration on the generation of the cost by means of the criteria of the performance of the schedule, which is related to the project. On the other hand, addition to this, it should also take into consideration the effectiveness of the cost management decision on the delivery of the project (Highsmith, 2013). At this point of time, it can be mentioned that in many industrial application, for example the manufacturing industry of the product, the financial performance of the projects detailed is not taken into consideration. The responsibility for these major calculations are mainly distributed outside the framework of the project. Labour problem and material Taking into consideration the current situation the shortage of the labour also plays a very vital role in every project scenario. This is due to the factor that the cost related to the subcontractor. On the other hand, it is very much notorious to predict about the labour market and the cost of the material related to the project. The labour problem can directly affect the time framework of any project. The time lagging factor or if the project does complete within the predefined time would affect the financial sector of the project as well. This is a very important factor, which in the end would be destructive for the project (Portny, 2017). Contractors are increasingly in order to manage the business environment. As stated by Mark Farmer who recently wrote a government commissioned report which was called Modernise or Die on the aspect of improving the construction efficiency. Although the concept of the employing sub-contractors helps in the field of the business avoid a large area of the concept of the payroll and keep the overhead concept very much down. The contractor is a very much important personal in a project. The contactors control all the factors of delivery of the raw material, transportation, managing the entire factor relating to permission needed from the higher authority (Stark, 2015). The projects main construction started in the month of February 2015. The final data of the completion of the project was around one year from the date of start of the project. On the other hand, it was clear that the estimated time framework, which was set relating to the deadline, would not be able to meet. The factor of the time framework is very much crucial in any project. The factor of time comes into play when the project is not completed in the predefined time schedule (Morris, 2013). For any form of project, the project model can be considered to one of the most essential factors that play a very vital role throughout the implementation process. The basic model, which was mainly used in order to achieve the desired standard of the project, was input output model. The project was viewed as a conversion or a transformation of some input form into an output under some fixed set of mechanism to actually make the project a reality (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The project would be be formulated under a set of controls measures or constraints these elements are outside the project, which provide the basic of the assumptions and the limitation of the project. The mechanism concept are those resources, which make the transformation process possible. The main constants that should be taken into consideration while implementing the process of the project management are: Time: All major projects have a time constraint involved in them. In recent times, it is the most challenging part to meet. A project that meets the period work can be termed as a project, which has been planned very efficiently. Cost: This factor can be related to the timing and the value of the overall project. These resources play a very vital role in direct working of the project. Quality: This can be referred to as a standard by which the concept of the product and the process itself would be judged during the overall process (Rosemann vom Brocke, 2015). In addition to the above three, the following constraint also play a major role in the sector of the project management. Legal: The legal factor are sometimes not explicitly stated but the factor play a major role in the process. For example, a building cannot be constructed unless the major planning permission is taken from the concerned authority. If the permission is not obtained it can lead to a legal problem. Ethical: This can be considered as a major part in most of the organisations involved in the concept of the project management. It can be related to those organisations whose organisational policy have been questioned in the past (for example Nike and shell). Environmental: The deluge, which is related to the legislation of the environment that is generated by the government, has changed the role of the environment control from an issue of the subsidiary to one, which is at the forefront of the management thinking in different sector, which are many. Logic There will be effect of the ripple which has to be taken into consideration before the project actually starts. Activation It can be considered as a state when the project can be activated for started. Indirect effects: It can be stated that it is practically impossible for any change to take place in the process of the isolation. There would be some ripple effect, which has to be taken into consideration at the outset (Pemsel Wiewiora, 2013). Phases of project management Phase Key issue Fundamental questions Define the project Organisational strategy and project and definition of the goal of the project What is to be done? Why is the thing to be done? Project process design Planning and modelling, estimation, analysis of the resource, resolution of the conflict and the process of justification. How will the process be done? How will the process be involved in each of the part? When it can start or finish? Delivery the project Control, organisation, decision making, leadership and the capability of problem solving How the management of the project be done on a day-to-day basis? Process development Assessment of the outcomes and the process of the project, evaluation and the changes in the future. How can there be a continuous improvement in this sector (Kerzner, 2013). 7S of project management The 7S framework provides a set of comprehensive issue that should be addressed or taken into consideration. On the other hand, it allows a classification of the task within the remit of the project manager, which directly reduces the role complexity. This classification directly benefits the project manager and it would be help them to know what they should actually look for if any novel situation arises (Heldman, 2015). Knowing that the problem, which are related to the interpersonal in a team, are aggregated by the culture/style that a project manager promotes provides a means for the solution finding towards the problem. The following table illustrates the 7S of the project management. Element Description Strategy The projects high-level requirement and the means in order to achieve them. Structure The arrangement of the organisation that will be basically used to carry out the working of the overall project System The method for the project to be monitored designed and controlled. Skills The technical tools and the managerial aspect, which are available to the manager of the project and the staff. Culture/style The underlying working way and inter relating within the working team and the concerned staff Stakeholders Groups and individual who have a basic interest in the projects outcome and the processes (Burke, 2013). Complexity of the projects Not all the techniques, tools and the management ideas are accepted universally. The project, which takes one person to complete in one week, clearly has a very different managerial requirement from the multi-site (Fenton Bieman, 2014). In order to obtain a meaningful conversation for the management for all the functions, a classification of the complexity level can be applied. The level of the complexity about an activity is a function of three features. Organisational complexity: The number of departments, the number of people, organisation, languages, countries and time zone involved. Resource complexity: The volume, which is related to the resources involved often, are accessed through the projects budget. Technical complexity: The level, which is related to the innovation relating to the product or the process of the project or the concept of the interface nobility between different parts, which is related to the product, and the processes (Fewings, 2013). Characteristics of a good project plan The following are the characteristics of a good project plan, which would directly help in stimulating the project in a timely manner and within the predefined budget framework. The people who are working in the project should exactly know what they have to do. In addition, the plan of their working should be very much clear. The workers who work in the project, the stakeholders and the vendors who supply the raw material should be on the same page regarding the concept of the project goal, processes and the timelines. The workers should demonstrate a sense of urgency and take into consideration the concept of the ownership responsibility. The respect between the workers and the stakeholders should exist in order to properly execute the project The workers should feel recognized and their mistake should not be pointed out in a forum. There should be a sense of genuineness and high expectation among the team should exist (Schwalbe, 2015). The project budget management can be considered to an art of managing and developing a budget that covers all the part of the expenses and keep the project unsustainable in a framework of long run (Hwang Ng, 2013). There are three steps in the budget preparation, which are follows: Estimate anticipated costs: This is the first step in a budgeting scenario. This is carried out to prepare an estimation of the project and to identify the expenses in the project. The key purpose of this step is to ensure that all the anticipated cost are expressed and estimated in a monetary amount, which is reasonable and tied to the project objectives and work plan (Boud, Cohen Sampson, 2014). When estimating and planning the following checklist should be taken into consideration. Category Personnel. Category Equipment. Category fringe benefits. Category consulting. Category consultant. Category supplier. Category travel. Category additional cost (Larson Gray, 2013). Justify the outline of the budget: After the first step, the outline of the budget is clear with the major details taken into consideration. Justifying the outline of the project is the second thing, which should be taken into consideration. The budget justification mainly involves three steps. The first step is reviewing every category of the cost for the concept of the accuracy, the second step involves confirming the overhead that can get involved during the execution of the project and the final step is the summarizing the review. This should be stated that second step ends up with developing a justification and budget, which is approved for the overall project. Ensure effectiveness of the cost: This is the final step for the preparation of the budget and it is all about the concept of the effectiveness of the cost. It directly means that the budget would be effective if it fully covers the aspect of all the cost factors that are incurred in the working of the project. This should be done with no underestimating and cost overruns (Mir Pinnington, 2014). Example of cost effectiveness ratio that can be used in the process of the budgeting Average cost effectives: Total Project costs / project effect. Marginal cost effectives: change in the total cost of the project / change in the project effect (Burke, 2013). Recommendation Liaison meeting should be held periodically in order to discuss the overall working of the project and how the project is being processing. This meeting can be beneficial in many ways for example it would be helpful in interacting with the team members and putting together a relation between the different teams working in the same project. Each of the organisation should delegate responsibility to the field office or trhe representative in order to permit the work efficiency and the smooth working of each and every team members A joint supporting unit of accounting and administration can be set up in the field or some of the field office in order to directly speed up the procedures of the local purchase, field arrangement and the disbursement. In some of the cases it may be appropriate to create an autonomous body or a temporary project office by the pooling all the resources and the personnel in order to streamline the overall operation (Rosemann vom Brocke, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that there are few factors always play a very vital role in the process of any project. The main factor that play a significant role is the time framework and the budgeting. In the above report, it is taken into consideration these two aspects. If the stated two factors are taken care of and maintained it would directly affect the overall working of the project. The main issue, which is faced in most of the projects, are the time lagging factors. The time lagging factors if incurred into a project would directly affect the financial part of the project as well. References Boud, D., Cohen, R., Sampson, J. (Eds.). (2014).Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Crawford, J. K. (2014).Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Fenton, N., Bieman, J. (2014).Software metrics: a rigorous and practical approach. CRC Press. Fewings, P. (2013).Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Heldman, K. (2015).PMP project management professional exam deluxe study guide: updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Highsmith, J. (2013).Adaptive software development: a collaborative approach to managing complex systems. Addison-Wesley. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hwang, B. G., Ng, W. J. (2013). Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 272-284. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), 202-217. Morris, P. W. (2013).Reconstructing project management. John Wiley Sons. Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013). Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), 31-42. Portny, S. E. (2017).Project management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.

The Split Brain In Man Essay Research free essay sample

The Split Brain In Man Essay, Research Paper The Split Brain in Man The effects of a split-brain operation are most dramatic when centripetal information is limited to a individual hemisphere because when the principal callosum is cut, the encephalon is divided into two separate hemispheres, the right and the left. R.Sperry and M.Gazzaniga show the dramatic effects in assorted experiments conducted. In one such experiment, visible radiations were flashed on the left ocular field of a split-brain individual ; the individual reported that they had non seen any visible radiations. This is due to the right hemisphere # 8217 ; s disjunction with the address centres of the encephalon, which is located in the left hemisphere. However, the patient could indicate to the way where the visible radiations were flashed as pointing does non affect the address part of the encephalon. Another illustration that shows the dramatic manner centripetal information is interpreted by a individual hemisphere is when the word bosom was flashed holding the he to the left and the art to the right. We will write a custom essay sample on The Split Brain In Man Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the patient was asked what they had seen flashed on the screen they would reply art as the left hemisphere is responsible for address. However when asked to indicate to a card holding the word art or he on it the patient would indicate with their right manus to he hence demoing that when the right hemisphere could show itself it would. From the illustrations above it is clearly seen that with split-brain patients when making normal undertakings utilizing both sides they can go on all right but when the undertakings are specific to one side of the encephalon they lack the information needed from both sides. The effects of segmenting the ocular decussation causes the information from the left oculus to be dispatched to the left-brain and the information from the right oculus merely being dispatched to the right encephalon. When the ocular decussation is cut, an animate being could react usually and larn to execute a undertaking, when that oculus was covered the animate being would hold no acknowledgment to the same job and would hold to larn it over once more. ( Gazzaniga, The Split Brain in Man ) . An illustration of this in patients with split-brain is when they are tested visually. In the trial where the word bosom was flashed holding he on the on the left and art on the right the patient could sa Y they saw the word art as address is on the left hemisphere. When asked to indicate to what they had seen the patient would indicate to the word he demoing that the information is being sent to the right hemisphere but can non be expressed verbally. This experiment shows the consequence of segmenting the ocular decussation in worlds and the consequence it plays on ocular readings. The ipsilateral motor control can be determined utilizing a split-brain topic by giving an object in the individual s right manus, from which centripetal information is sent to the left hemisphere, and the patient is able to call and depict the object. When held in the left manus the patient could non depict the object verbally but was able to place it in a non-verbal trial such as fiting it in a aggregation of things. Trials of ipsilateral motor control in these split-brain patients revealed that the left hemisphere of the encephalon exercised normal control over the right manus but had less than full control of the left manus. Similarly, the right hemisphere does the antonym. When the two hemispheres were in struggle, the hemisphere on the side opposite the manus took control and overruled the side of the encephalon with weaker control. Each hemisphere non merely received input from the opposite side but besides from the same side. The phenomenon of one-sided emotions is that in certain mental processes the left and right hemispheres were about indistinguishable. In trials done by Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga one-sided emotions were observed. One trial was showing the split-brain patients with ordinary images and so all of a sudden a image of a bare adult female an diverted reaction was seen on both sides of the hemispheres when tested independently. When presented to the left hemisphere the female patient laughed and identified what she had seen as the left hemisphere contains address. On the other manus, when the bare image of the adult female was presented to the right hemisphere the patient said she did non see anything but so instantly after a sly smile spread over here face and she began to chortle. The two hemispheres both showed an emotional response and this showed that in a spilt-brain state of affairs they were truly covering with two encephalons able to hold separate emotions.